Other Masai Mara Wildlife - Masai Mara Safaris

Apart from the Big Five, the Masai Mara is home to a vast variety of other wildlife species, each contributing to the incredible biodiversity that makes this region one of the world’s top safari destinations. From fleet-footed cheetahs to towering giraffes, every game drive offers the possibility of seeing these extraordinary creatures. Here’s a detailed guide to some of the other iconic animals of the Masai Mara, including where and how to see them.

1. Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

The Masai Mara is one of the best places in Africa to spot cheetahs. These sleek, speedy predators are famous for their high-speed chases across the savanna as they hunt gazelles and impalas. Unlike lions and leopards, cheetahs prefer open grasslands, which provide plenty of room to sprint after their prey.

Best Locations to See Cheetahs:

Mara Triangle: This region is known for regular cheetah sightings, particularly during the Great Migration, when they prey on the young and weak wildebeests and zebras.
Bologonja Plains: The open plains here are ideal for cheetahs to execute their lightning-fast hunts. The vast, flat grasslands make it easier to spot them.
Talek River Area: Cheetahs are often seen in the flatlands near the Talek River, especially early in the morning when they hunt.
Naboisho Conservancy: Cheetahs thrive in this private conservancy, where the number of vehicles is restricted, allowing for more intimate sightings of these graceful animals.

Tips:

Cheetahs are diurnal (active during the day), so morning and late afternoon game drives offer the best chance of spotting them.
Look for them resting on termite mounds or small hills—cheetahs use these vantage points to scout for prey.
Cheetahs are more likely to be spotted alone or with cubs, as they are solitary hunters.

2. Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)

The Masai Mara is home to two subspecies of giraffes: the Masai giraffe and the Reticulated giraffe (though the latter is rarer in the Mara). These gentle giants are among the tallest land animals, easily spotted as they browse the tops of acacia trees. Giraffes are often seen in groups, called towers, peacefully moving across the plains.

Best Locations to See Giraffes:

Olare Motorogi Conservancy: Known for its large numbers of Masai giraffes, this area offers fantastic viewing opportunities with fewer crowds.
Mara River Area: Giraffes are frequently seen along the river, especially in the more wooded regions where acacia trees provide ample food.
Sekenani Area: The area near the Sekenani Gate is a popular spot for giraffes, especially in the early morning and late afternoon.
Musiara Marsh: Giraffes often visit the marshes to drink, and they can be seen crossing the plains in the surrounding areas.

Tips:

Giraffes are easy to spot due to their towering height. Look for them in areas with acacia trees, which form the bulk of their diet.
They are most active during the early morning and late afternoon, so these are the best times for sightings.
Giraffes are also photogenic subjects, often silhouetted against the African sunset, providing excellent photo opportunities.

3. Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

Hippos are semi-aquatic mammals and one of the most dangerous animals in Africa, despite their seemingly sluggish demeanor. In the Masai Mara, hippos can be found lounging in the rivers or grazing on the banks at night. They spend most of their day submerged in water to keep cool and emerge at night to graze on grass.

Best Locations to See Hippos:

Mara River: The Mara River is one of the best places to see hippos in the Masai Mara. You’ll often spot groups of them cooling off in the water during the day.
Talek River: Hippos are also common in this river, which has several deep pools where they congregate.
Sand River: While less populated by hippos than the Mara or Talek Rivers, you can still see them in the quieter, southern section of the reserve.

Tips:

Hippos are best seen during the day when they are submerged in the river. Look for their eyes, ears, and nostrils just above the water’s surface.
They are territorial and can be aggressive, especially if they feel threatened. Always observe from a safe distance.
During sunset game drives, you might spot hippos leaving the water to graze, particularly in the wet season.

4. Zebras (Equus quagga)

The Masai Mara is home to massive herds of plains zebras, often seen accompanying wildebeest herds during the Great Migration. Zebras have a symbiotic relationship with wildebeests—they graze on taller grasses, which allows wildebeests to feed on the shorter growth left behind. Their black-and-white stripes make them easy to spot and are thought to confuse predators.

Tips:

Zebras are commonly seen throughout the day, especially in mixed herds with wildebeests and gazelles.
Zebras are often more alert than other grazers, so they can provide an early warning of nearby predators during game drives.
The Great Migration months (July–October) offer the best chances of seeing large zebra herds in action.

5. Hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)

Hyenas are one of the most misunderstood animals in the Masai Mara, often seen as scavengers, but they are also skilled hunters. Spotted hyenas, the most common species, are highly social and live in large clans. They are often seen trailing the migration or cleaning up after other predators’ kills. Hyenas are opportunistic and are known to steal kills from lions or cheetahs.

Tips:

Hyenas are primarily nocturnal, but they are often seen at dawn or dusk when they are most active.
They are vocal animals, so you might hear their eerie “laugh” at night near camps or during night drives.
Hyenas often follow lions or cheetahs, hoping to steal their kills. Keep an eye on predator activity to find hyenas.

6. Thomson’s Gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) and Grant’s Gazelle (Nanger granti)

The Masai Mara is home to both Thomson’s gazelles and Grant’s gazelles, two species that are often seen grazing in mixed herds with zebras and wildebeests. Thomson’s gazelles are smaller and faster, with distinctive black side stripes, while Grant’s gazelles are larger and have impressive lyre-shaped horns. Both are key prey species for predators like cheetahs and lions.

Tips:

Gazelles are commonly seen throughout the day, especially in areas where predators are less active.
Watch for herds of gazelles sprinting when predators approach, as they often form part of cheetah hunts.
Gazelles provide excellent opportunities for photography, especially when they are leaping across the plains in their characteristic “stotting” motion.

7. Topis (Damaliscus lunatus jimela)

Topis are some of the most interesting yet lesser-known antelopes in the Masai Mara. With their reddish-brown coats and distinctive purple markings on their faces and legs, they are easily recognizable. Unlike other antelopes, topis often stand on termite mounds or elevated areas to survey their surroundings for predators.

Best Locations to See Topis:

Mara Triangle: The open grasslands of the Mara Triangle are home to large topi populations. They are often seen in small herds grazing on the plains.
Sekenani Plains: This area, near the Sekenani Gate, has a high density of topis, especially during the Great Migration as they move alongside wildebeests and zebras.
Ol Kinyei Conservancy: The expansive plains of this conservancy are an ideal habitat for topis, where they can graze and keep an eye out for predators.

Tips:

Look for topis standing on termite mounds or small hills, as they use these elevated spots to keep watch for predators.
Topis are primarily seen during the day and are most active in the early morning and late afternoon when temperatures are cooler.
During the migration season, topis are often seen alongside wildebeests, moving in small herds across the plains.

8. Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus)

Warthogs are another unique species commonly seen in the Masai Mara. These quirky, tough animals are known for their distinctive tusks and the way they trot across the plains with their tails raised. Warthogs are primarily grazers, feeding on grass and using their tusks to dig for roots and tubers. Despite their somewhat comical appearance, warthogs are fast runners and can be aggressive when threatened.

Tips:

Warthogs are diurnal and most active during the day, making them easy to spot on morning and afternoon game drives.
Watch for warthogs using their knees to graze—an unusual behavior where they kneel on their front legs while feeding.
Warthogs are often seen in family groups, called sounders, which consist of a dominant female and her young.

9. Baboons (Papio anubis)

The Olive baboon is the most commonly found baboon species in the Masai Mara. These highly social primates live in large troops and are often seen near forested areas or water sources. Baboons are omnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of plants, insects, and small animals, and they play a vital role in the Mara ecosystem.

Tips:

Baboons are highly social and can often be seen grooming one another, playing, or squabbling within their troops.
They are most active in the morning and late afternoon, spending the heat of the day resting in trees or shaded areas.
While generally not aggressive toward humans, baboons can be bold, especially around campsites, so it’s best to observe them from a distance.

10. Crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus)

The Nile crocodile is a powerful predator that inhabits the Mara River and its tributaries. These massive reptiles can grow up to 5 meters in length and are known for their deadly hunting techniques, particularly during the Great Migration, when they prey on wildebeests and zebras attempting to cross the river. Crocodiles are ambush predators, remaining submerged in the water until their prey comes close enough for them to strike.

Tips:

Crocodiles are most active during the migration season, when they feed on wildebeests and zebras crossing the rivers.
They are usually seen lying in wait near the riverbanks, either basking in the sun or lurking just beneath the surface of the water.
Early morning game drives often offer the best chances to see crocodiles active before the heat of the day sets in.

11. Vultures (Gyps spp.)

Vultures play an important role in the Masai Mara ecosystem as scavengers. These birds help to clean up after predators, feasting on the remains of kills left behind by lions, leopards, and hyenas. Several species of vultures inhabit the Mara, including the White-backed vulture, Rüppell’s vulture, and the Lappet-faced vulture.

Tips:

Look for large gatherings of vultures circling overhead—this often indicates the presence of a carcass below.
Vultures are often seen competing with other scavengers, such as hyenas and jackals, for access to a carcass.
The best time to see vultures is early in the morning after predators have hunted overnight.

12. Jackals (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus)

Two types of jackals can be found in the Masai Mara: the Black-backed jackal and the Side-striped jackal. Jackals are opportunistic feeders, often scavenging leftovers from larger predators, though they are also skilled hunters in their own right. Despite their small size, jackals are known for their courage, often seen confronting much larger predators to defend a kill or territory.

Best Locations to See Jackals:

Mara Triangle: Jackals are commonly seen scavenging in this region, particularly near predator kills or during the migration season when food is plentiful.
Talek River: The area around the Talek River is home to both species of jackals, where they can be seen foraging or hunting for small mammals.
Ol Kinyei Conservancy: This conservancy offers excellent sightings of jackals, often in more intimate settings with fewer tourists.

Tips:

Jackals are often seen in pairs or small family groups and are most active during the early morning and late evening.
Keep an eye out for jackals near predator kills or scavenging after lions or cheetahs have finished eating.
Despite their size, jackals are brave and can often be seen chasing off much larger animals to steal food.

13. Serval Cats (Leptailurus serval)

The serval is a medium-sized wild cat known for its long legs, large ears, and beautiful spotted coat. These elusive nocturnal hunters are adept at catching small rodents and birds, using their excellent hearing and impressive leaping ability to snatch prey from the tall grass. Though smaller than lions and leopards, servals are fascinating predators in their own right.

Tips:

Servals are primarily nocturnal, but early morning game drives offer the best chance of spotting them as they hunt for small mammals in the long grass.
Servals are solitary animals, and their ability to blend into the environment makes them hard to spot. Look for them stalking through tall grass or making quick leaps to catch prey.
They are known for their high jumps—up to 2 meters high—when pouncing on birds or small rodents.

14. Bat-Eared Foxes (Otocyon megalotis)

Bat-eared foxes are small, nocturnal animals distinguished by their large ears, which they use to locate insects and other small prey. In the Masai Mara, they play an important ecological role by keeping insect populations under control. Their diet mainly consists of termites, but they also feed on small rodents and birds. These shy creatures live in family groups and are most commonly seen in the early morning or late evening.

Tips:

Bat-eared foxes are nocturnal, but the best time to spot them is during the early morning or late evening when they are actively foraging for insects.
They are often seen in family groups near their burrows and are known for their constant digging as they search for termites and other insects.
Listen for their high-pitched calls during the evening game drives—they communicate frequently with each other when foraging.

15. Honey Badgers (Mellivora capensis)

Honey badgers are small but notoriously tough animals with a reputation for fearlessness. These powerful omnivores are known to take on much larger predators like lions and hyenas when threatened. Their diet includes everything from honey to snakes, birds, and small mammals. While honey badgers are generally nocturnal, sightings in the Mara are relatively rare but highly rewarding for keen-eyed safari-goers.

Tips:

Honey badgers are extremely elusive, so sightings are rare. They are most active at night or in the early morning.
Look for them near termite mounds or rock outcrops, where they often forage for food.
Honey badgers are known for their tenacity and bravery, and they will often engage in fierce fights with much larger animals if cornered.

16. Eland (Taurotragus oryx)

The eland is the largest antelope species in Africa, known for its impressive size and spiraled horns. Despite their large size, elands are graceful and surprisingly fast, capable of leaping over obstacles with ease. These herbivores are primarily browsers and are often found in small herds, grazing on grasses, leaves, and fruits.

Tips:

Elands are most active during the early morning and late afternoon, grazing in open grasslands or resting under trees.
Despite their size, elands can be shy, so approach them quietly to avoid startling them.
Elands are excellent jumpers, and you may witness them leaping over fences or small obstacles when startled.

17. African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)

Once nearly extinct in Kenya, African wild dogs are making a comeback thanks to successful conservation efforts. These highly social animals live in packs and are known for their incredible stamina and highly coordinated hunting strategies. They are fast, agile hunters, capable of chasing down prey over long distances.

Tips:

African wild dogs are highly mobile and cover large distances, so sightings are rare and unpredictable.
Look for them early in the morning when they are most active and often start their hunts.
Wild dogs rely heavily on their pack’s coordination—if you spot one, keep an eye out for others as they tend to hunt in groups.

18. Ostriches (Struthio camelus)

The ostrich is the largest bird in the world, easily recognized by its long neck, powerful legs, and impressive running speed. These flightless birds are commonly found in open grasslands, where they use their speed to evade predators. Ostriches are excellent runners, capable of reaching speeds of up to 70 km/h.

Tips:

Ostriches are active throughout the day and can often be seen grazing or walking through the plains in the late afternoon.
Look for male ostriches, distinguished by their black and white plumage, as they are often more visible than the brown-feathered females.
Ostriches are excellent subjects for photography, especially when running or in the golden light of the Mara’s sunsets.

19. Aardvark (Orycteropus afer)

The aardvark is a nocturnal mammal known for its unique appearance and habits. Its name, which means “earth pig” in Afrikaans, is derived from its burrowing behavior. Aardvarks use their powerful claws to dig up termites and ants, their primary diet. Though seldom seen due to their nocturnal nature, spotting an aardvark is a rare but rewarding experience.

Tips:

Night drives offer the best chance of spotting aardvarks, as they are most active after sunset.
Look for them near large termite mounds and listen for the sound of their digging.
Aardvarks are shy and elusive, so patience is key if you’re hoping to catch a glimpse of this unusual creature.

20. Caracal (Caracal caracal)

The caracal is a small, powerful predator known for its distinctive tufted ears and ability to leap up to 3 meters into the air to catch birds in flight. These stealthy hunters are primarily nocturnal and solitary, making them difficult to spot. However, their agility and grace make them one of the most exciting animals to observe in the wild.

Tips:

Caracals are best seen during early morning or night drives, as they are primarily nocturnal hunters.
They are known for their incredible leaping ability, so watch for them in areas with small mammals and birds.
Like servals, caracals are solitary and rely on stealth to hunt, making them difficult to spot but highly rewarding for patient observers.

21. Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula)

The dwarf mongoose is the smallest of all mongoose species and a highly social animal that lives in family groups. These playful, inquisitive creatures are often seen foraging for insects and small animals, moving quickly across the ground in coordinated packs. Despite their small size, dwarf mongooses are brave and will stand their ground against much larger predators when threatened.

Tips:

Dwarf mongooses are diurnal and most active during the morning and late afternoon.
Look for them near termite mounds, where they live and forage.
These mongooses are highly social and communicate frequently with each other, making them a joy to watch as they forage and play together.

22. Bushbaby (Galago senegalensis)

Bushbabies, or galagos, are small nocturnal primates known for their large eyes and ability to leap impressive distances between trees. Their big eyes help them see in the dark, and they use their powerful legs to jump from branch to branch in search of insects and fruits. Though difficult to spot, their distinctive calls often give away their presence in the dark.

Tips:

Bushbabies are nocturnal, so night drives are essential for spotting them.
Listen for their distinctive, high-pitched calls—this will often be your first clue that a bushbaby is nearby.
Look for movement in the trees, particularly as they leap from branch to branch while hunting for insects or eating fruit.

23. Pangolin (Manis temminckii)

The pangolin is one of the most endangered and elusive animals in Africa. Covered in protective scales, this unique, nocturnal creature feeds mainly on ants and termites. Pangolins are incredibly difficult to spot due to their shy nature and declining numbers, making any sighting a rare and special event.

Tips:

Pangolins are nocturnal, so they are typically only seen on night drives.
They are known for their unique armor-like scales, which they use to protect themselves from predators by rolling into a ball.
Pangolins are critically endangered due to poaching and habitat loss, making any sighting of them a rare and unforgettable experience.

24. African Civet (Civettictis civetta)

The African civet is a nocturnal animal known for its distinctive black and white markings and musky scent. These solitary creatures are omnivorous, feeding on everything from small animals to fruit. Though shy and elusive, civets play an important role in the ecosystem by controlling insect and rodent populations.

Tips:

Civets are nocturnal, so your best chance of seeing one is during a night drive.
Look for their glowing eyes as they forage for food along the forest edges or near water sources.
Civets are solitary and often shy, so approach quietly and be patient to increase your chances of spotting one.

25. Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius)

The secretary bird is a unique bird of prey that hunts on the ground, using its long legs to stomp on snakes and small mammals. Known for its striking appearance, with long, crane-like legs and a distinctive crest of feathers on its head, the secretary bird is often seen striding across the savanna in search of prey.

Tips:

Secretary birds are active during the day, making them easier to spot than many other birds of prey.
Look for them walking across the plains, often with their heads bobbing as they scan the ground for snakes and small mammals.
Their long legs make them stand out among the grasses, and they are often seen alone or in pairs.

26. Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii)

The ground pangolin is an elusive, scaled mammal, often referred to as a “living pinecone.” Pangolins are critically endangered due to poaching for their scales and meat. These shy, nocturnal animals feed exclusively on ants and termites, using their long, sticky tongues to extract insects from nests. When threatened, pangolins roll into a tight ball, making their scales a tough defense against predators.

Tips:

Pangolins are highly elusive and are mostly active at night.
Look for them near termite mounds or areas with high insect activity.
Spotting a pangolin is an extremely rare and rewarding experience on safari.

27. Porcupine (Hystrix cristata)

The African crested porcupine is a large rodent covered in sharp quills, which it uses as a defense mechanism against predators. When threatened, the porcupine raises its quills and shakes them to create a rattling sound. If the predator persists, the porcupine will charge backward, attempting to impale the attacker with its quills. Porcupines are nocturnal and forage for roots, fruits, and bark.

Tips:

Porcupines are shy, nocturnal creatures, so night drives are the best way to encounter them.
Their unique defense behavior makes them an interesting animal to observe if you’re lucky enough to spot one.
Look for them near rocky outcrops or bushy areas where they forage.

28. Genet (Genetta genetta)

Genets are small, agile, and carnivorous animals that resemble a mix between a cat and a weasel. With their slender bodies, long tails, and sharp claws, they are adept hunters, preying on birds, rodents, and insects. Genets are primarily nocturnal and are known for their solitary nature. They have beautiful, spotted coats and are often seen sneaking through the underbrush during nighttime.

Tips:

Genets are solitary and tend to hide in dense vegetation, so they can be difficult to spot during the day.
Look for them during night drives as they move silently through the bushes, hunting for prey.
They are known to climb trees, so keep an eye on the canopy as well as the ground.

29. Aardwolf (Proteles cristata)

The aardwolf, often confused with the hyena, is a small, insectivorous mammal that feeds primarily on termites. Unlike hyenas, aardwolves have delicate teeth suited for consuming insects rather than bones. They use their sticky tongues to lap up termites from mounds, and their nocturnal nature makes them rare but fascinating sightings. Aardwolves are shy, solitary creatures, more often heard than seen as they move through the grasslands.

Tips:

Aardwolves are best seen during night drives, as they are shy and avoid human contact.
Listen for rustling in the grass or quiet foraging sounds as they search for termite mounds.
Aardwolves are not aggressive and will retreat if they sense danger, making patience key to observing them.

30. Steenbok (Raphicerus campestris)

The steenbok is a small antelope known for its delicate build and reddish-brown coat. Unlike larger antelopes, steenboks are solitary and prefer to avoid large herds. They rely on their agility and speed to evade predators and are often seen darting through the bush. These shy creatures feed on leaves, shoots, and fruits, and they prefer scrubland and areas with light vegetation where they can hide easily.

Tips:

Steenboks are typically seen alone or in pairs, darting quickly through the bushes when startled.
Look for them in areas with sparse cover where they can blend into the landscape.
They are most active during the cooler parts of the day—early morning and late afternoon.

31. Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus)

The klipspringer is a small, nimble antelope known for its incredible climbing ability. They live in rocky areas and are experts at navigating steep, jagged terrain. Klipspringers have unique, rubbery hooves that allow them to grip rocky surfaces, making them excellent at avoiding predators. These animals are often seen in pairs and have a short, dense coat that provides protection from the elements.

Tips:

Look for klipspringers on rocky outcrops or cliffs, where they can often be seen standing alert.
They are highly territorial, so they tend to stay within a small area and are often seen in pairs.
Their agile movement makes them fascinating to watch as they leap from rock to rock.

32. Serval (Leptailurus serval)

The serval is a medium-sized wild cat with large ears and a spotted coat. Known for its incredible hunting skills, servals primarily hunt small mammals, birds, and insects, often leaping high into the air to catch prey. These solitary cats are active both day and night, although they are most frequently seen during the early morning and late evening.

Tips:

Servals are solitary hunters, so spotting one can be challenging, but they are more visible during the cooler parts of the day.
Their distinctive large ears help them locate prey, and they are often seen stalking through tall grasses.
Servals are known for their high, acrobatic leaps when catching birds or rodents, so be ready for quick movements when observing them.

33. Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

The vervet monkey is a highly social and intelligent primate that lives in large troops. Known for their black faces and long tails, vervets are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. These monkeys are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, leaves, and small insects. Vervet monkeys are very vocal, using a wide range of calls to communicate with one another, especially when warning the troop of predators.

Tips:

Vervet monkeys are active during the day and are often seen foraging in the trees or on the ground in large troops.
They are very vocal, so listen for their distinctive alarm calls, especially if a predator is nearby.
Vervet monkeys are curious and may approach campsites, but it’s important not to feed them to avoid habituation.

34. African Wildcat (Felis lybica)

The African wildcat is the ancestor of domestic cats and is known for its shy, elusive behavior. This small predator is primarily nocturnal and solitary, hunting small mammals, birds, and insects. African wildcats are highly territorial and often stay within a defined range. Their appearance is similar to that of a domestic cat, with a striped, sandy coat that blends well with their environment.

Tips:

African wildcats are primarily nocturnal and are best seen during night drives.
Look for them near rocky outcrops or bushy areas where they can stalk their prey.
While they resemble domestic cats, they are wild and highly adapted to the savanna, so sightings are rare.

35. Crowned Eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus)

The crowned eagle is one of the most powerful birds of prey in Africa, known for its ability to hunt animals much larger than itself. With striking brown and white plumage and a distinctive crown of feathers on its head, this eagle is often seen perched high in trees, scanning the ground for prey such as monkeys, small antelopes, and large birds. Crowned eagles are solitary hunters and rely on their sharp talons and powerful beaks to capture their prey.

Tips:

Crowned eagles are best spotted perched on high branches or gliding above the treetops.
Listen for their distinctive calls, especially in the early morning when they are most active.
These birds often hunt in densely forested areas but can be seen soaring over open savannas.

36. Banded Mongoose (Mungos mungo)

The banded mongoose is a small, social mammal that lives in large colonies. These animals are known for their distinctive bands across their backs and their close-knit family structure. Banded mongooses are primarily insectivores but will also eat small reptiles, birds, and fruits. They communicate through a series of chirps, barks, and growls, making them an interesting species to observe as they move through the bush in search of food.

Tips:

Banded mongooses are active during the day and are often seen foraging in large groups.
They are fearless and often band together to defend their colony from predators such as snakes and birds of prey.
Look for them near termite mounds or rocky areas where they dig for insects and small animals.

37. White-Bellied Go-Away Bird (Criniferoides leucogaster)

The white-bellied go-away bird is a large, grey bird with a striking white belly and a distinctive crest on its head. Named for its loud, repetitive “go-away” call, this bird is often heard before it is seen. Go-away birds are found in open woodlands and savannas, where they feed on fruits, flowers, and leaves. They are also known to warn other animals of nearby predators with their piercing calls.

Tips:

Listen for their distinctive “go-away” call, especially in the mornings when they are most vocal.
They are often seen perched in acacia trees or flying in small groups.
Go-away birds are highly social and can be spotted in mixed flocks with other bird species.

38. Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis)

Despite its small size, the rock hyrax is one of the closest living relatives to the elephant, sharing similar dental and foot structures. These small, rodent-like animals live in rocky outcrops and cliffs, where they use their agility to navigate steep terrain. Hyraxes are herbivores, feeding on grasses, leaves, and fruits, and they live in colonies for safety. Their high-pitched alarm calls are often heard when predators are near.

Tips:

Rock hyraxes are most active during the early morning and late afternoon when they emerge from their rocky homes to bask in the sun.
They are often seen in groups, perched on rocks, watching for predators.
Look for them near rocky outcrops, where they blend into their surroundings for protection.

39. Blue-Headed Tree Agama (Acanthocercus atricollis)

The blue-headed tree agama is a striking lizard known for its vibrant blue head and green body, especially during the breeding season when males display their brightest colors. These lizards are often seen basking on tree trunks or rocks, where they can warm up in the sun. Tree agamas are insectivores, feeding on ants, beetles, and other small insects, and they are excellent climbers, using their sharp claws to cling to vertical surfaces.

Tips:

Tree agamas are diurnal and are most visible during the hottest part of the day when they bask in the sun.
Males are particularly colorful during the breeding season, making them easier to spot.
Look for them on tree trunks or large rocks, where they remain motionless to avoid detection by predators.

40. Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris)

The helmeted guineafowl is a large, ground-dwelling bird with a distinctive blue head and spotted plumage. Guineafowl are social birds that live in large flocks and are often seen foraging for seeds, insects, and small reptiles on the ground. They are highly vocal and communicate with a series of clucks, whistles, and squawks. When threatened, guineafowl run rather than fly, using their strong legs to escape danger.

Tips:

Guineafowl are active during the day and can often be seen in large flocks, foraging on the ground.
Listen for their distinctive calls, which are often heard before the birds are seen.
These birds are fast runners and will often dash for cover when startled, so be ready to spot them on the move.

41. Dung Beetle (Scarabaeinae spp.)

The dung beetle may be small, but it plays a critical role in the Masai Mara’s ecosystem by recycling nutrients. These industrious insects collect and roll animal dung into balls, which they use for food or as breeding chambers for their larvae. Dung beetles can move dung balls many times their own weight, and watching them work is a fascinating spectacle of strength and determination.

Tips:

Look for dung beetles near large herbivores like elephants or buffalos, where they can often be seen rolling dung balls.
They are most active during the day, particularly in open areas where large animals are grazing.
Dung beetles are quick and efficient workers, so keep an eye out for them while on a game drive.

42. Black-Backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas)

The black-backed jackal is a small, opportunistic predator and scavenger, often seen following lions or other large predators to feed on the remains of their kills. Jackals are highly adaptable and are capable hunters in their own right, preying on small mammals, birds, and insects. They are also known for their distinctive black saddle of fur running down their backs, which sets them apart from other jackal species.

Tips:

Jackals are most active during the early morning and late afternoon when they are hunting or scavenging.
They are often seen in pairs or small family groups, working together to find food.
Black-backed jackals are bold and often seen near predator kills, waiting for their chance to scavenge.

43. African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer)

The African fish eagle is one of Africa’s most iconic birds of prey, known for its striking black, white, and brown plumage and its distinctive, haunting call. These eagles are often seen perched in trees near rivers and lakes, where they hunt for fish, their primary food source. With sharp talons and excellent eyesight, fish eagles are formidable hunters, diving into the water to catch their prey with precision.

Tips:

Fish eagles are diurnal and are often seen perched high in trees near water, scanning for fish.
Listen for their characteristic call, which is one of the most recognizable sounds in Africa.
They are skilled hunters and can be seen swooping down to catch fish from the water, offering excellent photo opportunities.

44. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena)

The striped hyena is a less common species of hyena compared to the spotted hyena, with distinctive black and white stripes on its body and legs. Striped hyenas are primarily scavengers, feeding on carrion, bones, and other animal remains. They are shy and nocturnal, making them difficult to spot. Unlike spotted hyenas, they tend to live solitary or in small family units.

Tips:

Striped hyenas are nocturnal and are best seen during night drives, often near predator kills.
Look for them near rocky outcrops or dense vegetation, where they find cover during the day.
These hyenas are solitary and quieter than their spotted counterparts, so sightings are rare and special.

45. Yellow-Billed Stork (Mycteria ibis)

The yellow-billed stork is a large, wading bird with a long, yellow bill and striking black and white plumage. These storks are commonly seen near rivers, lakes, and marshes, where they feed on fish, frogs, and other aquatic animals. Yellow-billed storks use a unique foraging technique, sweeping their open bills through the water and snapping them shut when they detect prey.

Tips:

Yellow-billed storks are diurnal and are most commonly seen wading through shallow water in search of food.
Look for them near rivers or marshy areas where they forage in groups or pairs.
They are graceful birds and offer excellent opportunities for birdwatchers and photographers.

46. African Civet (Civettictis civetta)

The African civet is a nocturnal mammal known for its distinctive black and white markings and strong, musky scent. Civets are omnivores, feeding on a variety of fruits, small animals, and insects. These solitary animals are most active at night, and though they are shy, their unique appearance makes them a fascinating species to spot during a night drive.

Tips:

Civets are best seen during night drives when they are active and foraging for food.
Look for their distinctive markings as they move through dense underbrush or near water sources.
Civets are solitary animals, so sightings are usually brief, but they are memorable due to their striking appearance.

47. African Harrier-Hawk (Polyboroides typus)

The African harrier-hawk is a medium-sized bird of prey known for its striking appearance, with broad wings, a long tail, and a distinctive yellow face. This raptor is highly adaptable and is often seen raiding the nests of other birds or using its unique double-jointed legs to extract prey from tree crevices. Harrier-hawks are opportunistic feeders, hunting small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects.

Tips:

Harrier-hawks are diurnal and often seen gliding gracefully over open areas in search of food.
Look for them in trees or near cliffs where they may be hunting for eggs or young birds.
Their broad wings make them easy to spot soaring overhead during the day.

48. Speke’s Weaver (Ploceus spekei)

The Speke’s weaver is a small, brightly colored bird known for its intricate nest-building skills. Male weavers are yellow with black faces and build elaborate, hanging nests from reeds and branches to attract females. These social birds often build colonies near water, and their energetic weaving is fascinating to watch. Weavers feed on seeds and insects, making them common around grasslands and agricultural areas.

Tips:

Weavers are active during the day and can often be seen near water sources where they build their nests in reeds or bushes.
Males are highly visible during the breeding season when they work tirelessly to build nests and court females.
Look for their nests, which are often woven into a perfect, spherical shape and hang from tree branches or reeds.

49. Marsh Mongoose (Atilax paludinosus)

The marsh mongoose is a solitary and elusive animal often found near water bodies such as rivers, marshes, and swamps. These nocturnal creatures are excellent swimmers and primarily feed on aquatic animals, including fish, crabs, and frogs. Unlike other mongooses that are social, the marsh mongoose prefers to live alone and is difficult to spot due to its secretive nature.

Tips:

Marsh mongooses are best seen during night drives when they emerge to hunt.
Look for them near rivers and marshes where they search for aquatic prey.
Despite being shy, marsh mongooses are skilled hunters and their activity is often heard before they are seen.

50. Leopard Tortoise (Stigmochelys pardalis)

The leopard tortoise is one of the largest tortoise species in Africa, named for its beautiful, spotted shell that resembles a leopard’s coat. These tortoises are primarily herbivores, feeding on grasses, flowers, and fruits, and they play a key role in the ecosystem by dispersing seeds. Leopard tortoises are known for their slow, steady movements and can live for decades in the wild.

Tips:

Leopard tortoises are diurnal and can often be seen grazing in grasslands or along dirt tracks.
Their distinctive, domed shells make them easy to spot, especially when they are crossing open areas.
Despite their slow pace, leopard tortoises are resilient animals and can live up to 80 years in the wild.

51. Flap-Necked Chameleon (Chamaeleo dilepis)

The flap-necked chameleon is a master of camouflage, known for its ability to change color based on its surroundings or mood. These small reptiles are arboreal, meaning they spend most of their time in trees, where they hunt insects using their long, sticky tongues. Chameleons are slow-moving but have incredible depth perception and can move their eyes independently to spot prey or predators from multiple angles.

Tips:

Flap-necked chameleons are most easily seen in trees or shrubs, where they blend in with the foliage.
Look for them during early morning or late afternoon when they are more active.
Their ability to change color makes them fascinating to observe, especially when they are agitated or hunting.

52. Slender Mongoose (Galerella sanguinea)

The slender mongoose is a small, agile carnivore known for its sleek body and bushy tail. Unlike the banded mongoose, the slender mongoose is typically solitary, hunting for small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. These mongooses are extremely fast and often hunt by ambush, waiting patiently in the grass before pouncing on their prey.

Tips:

Slender mongooses are diurnal and are most active during the early morning and late afternoon.
They are often seen darting through grasslands or scrub areas, moving quickly in search of prey.
Their quick movements and slender bodies make them difficult to spot, but they are usually seen alone or in pairs.

53. Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori)

The kori bustard is one of the largest flying birds in the world and is often seen walking majestically through the savanna. These ground-dwelling birds are heavy and prefer walking to flying, using their long legs to cover large distances while foraging for insects, small vertebrates, and seeds. Male kori bustards are known for their elaborate courtship displays, puffing up their chests and calling loudly to attract females.

Tips:

Kori bustards are diurnal and often seen walking slowly through open grasslands in search of food.
They are the heaviest flying birds in Africa, so they rarely fly unless threatened.
Look for males during the breeding season, when they perform courtship displays to attract mates.

54. White-Throated Monitor Lizard (Varanus albigularis)

The white-throated monitor lizard is a large reptile found in the grasslands and savannas of the Masai Mara. These powerful lizards are carnivorous, feeding on birds, eggs, small mammals, and insects. Monitors are excellent climbers and swimmers, and they use their long claws and strong tails to defend themselves from predators. They are often seen basking in the sun to regulate their body temperature.

Tips:

Monitor lizards are diurnal and can often be seen basking in the sun on rocks or near water sources.
They are excellent swimmers and climbers, so they may be spotted in trees or near rivers.
Despite their size, monitor lizards are shy and will quickly retreat if they sense danger.

55. Red-Billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus)

The red-billed oxpecker is a small bird known for its symbiotic relationship with large herbivores like buffalos, giraffes, and zebras. Oxpeckers feed on ticks, dead skin, and parasites that live on the hides of these animals, providing a cleaning service in exchange for food. They are often seen perched on the backs of large mammals, picking through their fur and making soft chattering sounds.

Tips:

Oxpeckers are active during the day and are easily seen riding on the backs of large herbivores.
Listen for their chattering calls, which often signal the presence of large animals nearby.
They are highly social birds and can be seen in small flocks, grooming animals or flying between their hosts.

56. Nile Monitor Lizard (Varanus niloticus)

The Nile monitor lizard is the largest reptile in the Masai Mara and is often found near rivers and wetlands. These lizards are opportunistic hunters, feeding on fish, frogs, birds, eggs, and even small mammals. Nile monitors are powerful swimmers and use their muscular tails to propel themselves through the water. Despite their fearsome appearance, they are generally shy and will avoid humans when possible.

Tips:

Nile monitors are most often seen near rivers, basking in the sun or swimming in the water.
They are excellent swimmers and may be seen hunting for fish or small animals along the water’s edge.
Monitor lizards are diurnal, so they are best spotted during the day when they are most active.

57. Saddle-Billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis)

The saddle-billed stork is one of the tallest and most striking birds found in the Masai Mara, easily recognizable by its colorful bill that features a vivid red, black, and yellow pattern resembling a saddle. These large, wading birds are often seen standing silently near water, using their long bills to catch fish, frogs, and small aquatic creatures. They are solitary by nature and often hunt alone, moving gracefully through the shallows.

Tips:

Saddle-billed storks are diurnal and are most often found in wetlands, rivers, or marshy areas.
Their striking bill and tall stature make them easy to spot near water sources, particularly during the early morning when they are actively hunting.
Their silent, solitary nature offers a peaceful and fascinating sight as they go about their methodical foraging.

58. Tree Hyrax (Dendrohyrax arboreus)

The tree hyrax is a nocturnal, arboreal mammal that closely resembles a large guinea pig. Although small in size, tree hyraxes are known for their loud, eerie calls, which are often heard at night in the forested areas of the Mara. They are herbivores, feeding on leaves, fruits, and bark, and spend most of their time resting in tree hollows or dense foliage during the day.

Tips:

Tree hyraxes are nocturnal and best heard during night drives, as their distinctive cries echo through the forest.
They are excellent climbers, so keep an eye on tree branches where they may be hiding or resting.
While difficult to spot, their calls are one of the most haunting and memorable sounds of a night in the Masai Mara.

59. African Pygmy Kingfisher (Ispidina picta)

The African pygmy kingfisher is a tiny but vibrant bird with brilliant blue and orange plumage. Despite its small size, this kingfisher is a skilled hunter, feeding on insects, spiders, and small vertebrates rather than fish like other kingfishers. It prefers woodland and forest edges, where it darts among the trees, using its keen vision and speed to capture prey. Its bright colors and quick movements make it a joy to observe.

Tips:

Pygmy kingfishers are best seen during the day, particularly in woodland areas near water where they hunt.
Look for their fast, darting movements as they chase insects through the air or perch briefly on low branches.
Despite their small size, their bright colors make them stand out against the green foliage, offering excellent opportunities for birdwatchers.

60. Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus)

The bushbuck is a shy and elusive antelope that prefers dense thickets and forests over open grasslands. Known for their reddish-brown coats adorned with white spots or stripes, bushbucks are solitary animals that rely on their stealth and camouflage to avoid predators. Males have curved horns, while females lack horns. These graceful antelopes are most active during dawn and dusk, feeding on leaves, fruits, and flowers.

Tips:

Bushbucks are highly secretive and usually spotted in forested areas or dense shrubbery, where they can hide from predators.
Their elusive nature makes them challenging to find, but they are most active during the early morning and late afternoon.
If spotted, their striking coats and graceful movements make for a beautiful sight, especially in low-light conditions.

61. African Jacana (Actophilornis africanus)

The African jacana, also known as the “Jesus bird” for its ability to walk on floating vegetation, is a waterbird with long legs and toes that allow it to tread lightly across lily pads and marshy areas. Jacanas are easily recognized by their chestnut-brown plumage and striking blue forehead shield. They feed on insects, small fish, and invertebrates, foraging on the water’s surface as they glide effortlessly over floating plants.

Tips:

Jacanas are most commonly found in marshy areas, wetlands, and around lakes, where they forage on floating vegetation.
Look for their distinctive walking behavior, as they seem to “walk on water” thanks to their long toes.
These birds are active during the day and are most easily spotted near bodies of water, especially in areas with abundant aquatic plants.

62. Common Reedbuck (Redunca arundinum)

The common reedbuck is a medium-sized antelope known for its reddish-brown coat and distinct white markings around its eyes and on its throat. Reedbucks prefer areas with tall grasses near water sources, where they can hide from predators. These antelopes are shy and prefer to remain hidden during the day, only emerging to graze during dawn and dusk. Males have curved, ringed horns, while females are hornless.

Tips:

Reedbucks are elusive and best spotted in areas with tall grasses near rivers or wetlands, where they can find cover.
They are most active during the early morning and late afternoon, emerging from hiding to graze.
Reedbucks are usually seen in small groups or pairs, and their graceful movements make them a beautiful animal to observe in the wild.

63. Bat Hawk (Macheiramphus alcinus)

The bat hawk is a specialized raptor known for its ability to catch bats in mid-air. With its swift, agile flight and excellent night vision, the bat hawk is most active during the twilight hours, when it hunts for bats emerging from their roosts. These birds of prey are small but powerful, with dark plumage that helps them blend into the night sky. Their unique hunting behavior makes them a fascinating species to observe at dusk.

Tips:

Bat hawks are best seen during twilight, just as bats begin to emerge from their roosts.
Look for them soaring and diving swiftly as they chase bats in mid-flight.
Bat hawks are usually seen near cliffs, forests, or areas where bats are abundant, offering a unique wildlife spectacle during night drives.

64. Wattled Plover (Vanellus senegallus)

The wattled plover is a striking wading bird known for the yellow wattles hanging from its face, which it uses in its courtship displays. These plovers are commonly seen near water sources, where they forage for insects, worms, and small aquatic creatures. They are often seen walking briskly through shallow waters or marshes, using their sharp beaks to pick food from the ground. Their loud, piercing calls often alert you to their presence.

Tips:

Wattled plovers are diurnal and are most easily seen near lakes, rivers, or marshy areas where they forage.
Their loud calls are often heard before the bird is seen, especially during the breeding season.
Look for their distinctive wattles and quick movements as they search for food along the water’s edge.

65. Oribi (Ourebia ourebi)

The oribi is a small, delicate antelope with a slender build and a light brown coat. Oribis are primarily grazers and are often found in short grasslands or savannas, where they feed on grasses and herbs. These antelopes are highly alert and rely on their speed to escape predators. Males have short, straight horns, while females are hornless. Oribis are usually seen alone or in pairs, but they are shy and quick to flee when startled.

Tips:

Oribis are best spotted in open grasslands, especially during the early morning or late afternoon when they are actively grazing.
These antelopes are extremely fast and will quickly dart away if approached, so observe from a distance.
Their graceful movements and solitary nature make them a peaceful and rewarding sight for those who manage to spot them.

66. Striped Polecat (Ictonyx striatus)

The striped polecat, also known as the zorilla, is a small carnivorous mammal known for its striking black and white striped coat. Often mistaken for a skunk due to its appearance and ability to spray a foul-smelling liquid when threatened, the striped polecat is a solitary nocturnal hunter. It feeds on small mammals, birds, and insects and is rarely seen during the day. Despite its small size, it is a fearless predator with a powerful defense mechanism.

Tips:

Striped polecats are nocturnal and best observed during night drives.
Look for them in scrublands or areas with dense vegetation where they hunt for small prey.
If startled, they may raise their tail and spray a strong-smelling liquid as a defense, so it’s best to observe them from a distance.

Conclusion

The Masai Mara continues to reveal its depth of biodiversity with every new species you encounter. From the saddle-billed stork gracefully wading through marshes to the elusive striped polecat prowling at night, each animal adds to the intricate web of life that defines the Mara. Whether it’s the vibrant African pygmy kingfisher